3D mesh simplification is an important challenge in various fields. While different simplification methods have been proposed in recent years, the focus has shifted to keeping properties such as ridges and valleys along with mesh simplification. While most of the proposed models have used curvature, some challenges exist, such as the computational complexity and sensitivity to the neighborhood size. The latter can be solved by averaging several neighborhoods. This paper proposes a simple yet fast method with less sensitivity to the neighborhood size. To this end, we use the normal vector and the parameters of a probability distribution of its variations to detect the elevations, depressions (geometrical changes), and curve parts. We combine this method with the Quadric Error Metric (QEM) method to produce a hybrid method for 3D mesh simplification, preserving its elevations and depressions. Evaluation results show that our method has a lower error than the other methods.

3D building reconstruction is a mathematic model and representation of 3D surfaces for building details in urban areas. There are many methods for 3D modeling such as Image Based Rendering (IBR)، Image Based Modeling (IBM) and Range Based Modeling (RBM). These methods use generated 3D point cloud from different techniques sources such aerial laser scanners and photogrammetry multi view imageries. In this paper، 3D model generation methods based on triangulation algorithms such as Poisson، ball-pivoting and volumetric triangulation using Marching Cubes (MC) are evaluated using a raw dense point cloud. Also two mesh simplification methods called clustering decimation and quadric edge collapse are used to improve the quality of triangulated models with decrease the surface and vertex numbers. A geometric metric called Hausdorff distance is used for comparison of each model with a reference. The results show that the accuracy of generated 3D model based on volumetric triangulation method using Marching Cubes (MC) is better than other methods. Also، quadric edge collapse method can simplified 3D models better than clustering decimation method.

Terrain simplification problem is one of fundamental problems in computational geometry and it has many applications in other fields such as geometric information systems, computer graphics, image processing. Terrain is commonly defined by a set of n points in three dimension space. Major goal of terrain simplification problem is removing some points of one terrain so that maximum error of simplified surface is a certain threshold. There are two optimization goals for this problem: (1) min-k, where for a given error threshold e, the goal is to find a simplification with the minimum number of points for which the error is that most e, and (2) min-e, where for a given number n, the goal is to find a simplification of at most m points that has the minimum simplification error. Simplification problem is NP-hard in optimal case.In this paper we present a hybrid algorithm for terrain simplification that performs in three phases. First, terrain is divided to some clusters, then any cluster is simplified independently and finally, the simplified clusters are merged. Our algorithm solves the problem in O (n2Ön). The proposed algorithm is implemented and verified by experiments.

Background & Aim: Aerobic activities and herbal supplements are used as a methods to control and reduce many diseases caused by oxidative stress, including lung diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic training and coriander seed supplementation on some indicators of oxidative stress and ATP levels in lung tissue of male rats poisoned with hydrogen peroxide. Methods: 42 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 7 groups: control, poisoning, poisoning+ 5 mg/kg coriander extract (supplement 1), poisoning+ 10 mg/kg coriander extract (supplement 2), poisoning + exercise, poisoning+ Exercise+ Supplement 1, Poisoning+ Exercise+ Supplement 2. Interventions included 8 weeks (5 training sessions per week) running on a treadmill for 60 minutes and injecting coriander seed extract at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg over two weeks. Tissue concentrations of ATP, MDA and PAB indices were evaluated using special kits and the data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance at a significance level of 0. 05. Results: Eight weeks of aerobic training significantly increased the concentration of ATP and significantly decreased the concentration of pulmonary PAB (P<0. 05),While it had no significant effect on MDA index (P> 0. 05). On the other hand, only 10 mg/kg of coriander extract caused a significant increase in ATP concentration and a significant decrease in PAB in lung tissue (P<0. 05). The interaction of aerobic exercise with doses of coriander seed extract also caused a significant increase in ATP concentration and a significant decrease in MDA and PAB concentration (P<0. 05). Conclusion: Despite the effect of interventions in modulating the effect of poisoning of some indicators, the greatest effect was observed during the interaction of aerobic exercise and high doses of coriander extract.

Syntax principles in Arabic are the main base of this language, yet they have always been accompanied with complexity specially in the field of education. No doubt that different factors create this situation. Some of these factors are vapidity of principles, traditional methodology, fruitless efforts and aimless education. Furthermore, naturally, syntax consists of philosophical analysis and a large amount of idioms and details which make it difficult to for being understood not only by the learners but also by the teachers. Thus, it seems necessary to simplify the syntactic rules, and this is why so many attempts have been done up to now in this field although with little effect. Regarding all these facts it appears that irregular, sparse and not education-related solutions for syntax simplification will not be of any use. Instead, for accomplishing this task, we should use linguistic and teaching facts and knowledge. This paper aims to answer the questions like: How much could the attempts to simplify the syntax principles achieve? Why were these efforts fruitless? Which method can be suggested to simplify syntax education with better results?

This paper presents a new method for simplification of Boolean functions based on Boolean differences. The proposed method is applicable to various forms of Boolean functions, including truth tables and Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs). The Boolean differences are extended to cover the truth tables with don't-care components and cutset graphs in BDDs. The results of simplification agree with Quine-McCluskey and ESPRESSO methods. Experimental tests on MCNC and Berkeley PLA benchmarks show that the proposed method gains a performance of 1.5-10 times faster than ESPRESSO. The algorithms of the proposed method are implemented in Java/Perl/C++, and a toolset for logic function simplification is developed.

Introduction: Changes in gene expression and protein expression of the spinal-blood barrier play an important role in the transmission and development of neuro-inflammatory responses. In order to increase the knowledge related to the role of environmental interventions affecting the tight junction and adhesive proteins of this barrier, this study investigated the effect of four weeks of resistance training and date pollen/testosterone extract on gene expression and protein expression of occludin and cadherin in male rats. Methods: In an experimental design, 30 male Wistar rats randomly divided into 6 groups: Control,Resistance training,DPP extract,Testosterone,DPP extract+ resistance training,Testosterone+ resistance training. The amount of 100 mg/kg date pollen extract was fed to mice by gavage for 4 weeks. Also, synthetic testosterone with a dose of 2 mg/kg was used subcutaneously as a positive control. Resistance training consisted of a four-week increasing training period on a 50-step ladder with 8 to 12 repetitions per session. After the intervention, gene expression was measured by RT-PCR method and protein expression was measured by western blot method. Results: Four weeks of resistance training caused a significant increase in occludin gene expression (P=0. 010) and cadherin (P=0. 015),While it had no significant effect on the protein expression of occludin (P=0. 404) and cadherin (P=0. 647). Also, the gene expression level of two proteins increased significantly under the influence of date pollen extract and testosterone (P<0. 05). On the other hand, the protein synthesis rate of occludin (P=0. 016) and cadherin (P=0. 012) was increased only in the group receiving synthetic testosterone. Despite the fact that the highest level of gene expression of two proteins was observed when the interventions were combined simultaneously, there was no statistically significant difference between their synergistic effects (P=0. 059). However, the highest expression of occludin and cadherin protein occurred when resistance training was combined with testosterone supplementation (P<0. 05). Conclusions: The results of this study showed that DPP extract is superior to other interventions for increasing the gene expression of occludin and cadherin proteins of the blood-spinal barrier and testosterone for increasing the expression of these proteins. The combination of these interventions with the double promotion of the signaling process of gene and protein expression will maintain the integrity and reduce the permeability of the blood-spinal cord barrier in healthy male animal samples.

Bijan Jalali was one of the first poets to turn to prose poetry in simple language from the beginning, and his choice was not due to the development of modern poetry in Iran, especially Nima, but due to his presence in France and the influence of European literature. Jalali’ s poetry neither is half-hearted nor has the characteristics of white poetry, and in a sense it can be considered as a mediator between poetry and prose or white poetry or prose poetry. The kind of glorious expression in simplification and shorthand is a reflection of his life that has been internalized in the poet, so it is not acquired or artificial. After the forties and fifties, and the decline of symbolic and ideological expression, new poets, especially the new generation, have turned to glorious poetry. The point that has been neglected in introduction and review of Bijan Jalali's poems in the shadow of his simplification is his romances. At a glance, it seems that the poet has a tendency towards nature and mysticism, and the mentality of single life but his love poems have been ignored. The love we are talking about here is different from the love of nature and God and animals. Specifically, we are talking about earthly love and women, which has been addressed directly and indirectly in various collections. After studying Jalali's poems, the frequency of romances in different periods of his life is so great that makes it possible to publish a book solely on a selection of his romance poems.